Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia · Kidney-Yang Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Pelvis

Pattern Overview

Kidney-Yang Deficiency is a common pattern in benign prostatic hyperplasia, characterized by aging-related prostatic enlargement, weak voiding, frequent urination (especially at night), cold intolerance, and low back soreness. The core pathogenesis is Kidney-Yang deficiency failing to warm the lower Jiao, leading to reduced detrusor contractility, incomplete emptying, and urinary frequency.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia · Qi Stagnation-Blood Stasis Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Pelvis

Pattern Overview

Qi Stagnation-Blood Stasis is a pattern in benign prostatic hyperplasia, characterized by prostatic stromal hyperplasia with congestion, difficult urination, pelvic pain, dark urine, and incomplete emptying. The core pathogenesis is Qi stagnation and Blood stasis in the pelvic region, causing prostatic congestion, stromal hyperplasia, and urinary obstruction.

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia · Spleen-Kidney Qi Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Pelvis

Pattern Overview

Spleen-Kidney Qi Deficiency is a chronic pattern in benign prostatic hyperplasia, characterized by detrusor weakness with incomplete emptying, fatigue, weak voiding, frequent urination, and post-void dribbling. The core pathogenesis is Spleen-Kidney Qi deficiency failing to support bladder function, leading to reduced detrusor contractility, incomplete emptying, and urinary retention.

Bloating/Abdominal Distension · Cold-Dampness Trapping the Spleen Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Abdomen

Pattern Overview

Cold-Dampness Trapping the Spleen is a pattern in bloating/abdominal distension, characterized by decreased GI motility, abdominal distension, cold pain, heavy sensation, and loose stools. The core pathogenesis is Cold-Dampness invading the Spleen, causing impaired transformation and transport, fluid retention, and gas accumulation.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bloating/Abdominal Distension · Damp-Heat Accumulation Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Abdomen

Pattern Overview

Damp-Heat Accumulation is a pattern in bloating/abdominal distension, characterized by gut dysbiosis, abdominal distension, sticky mouth, foul-smelling stools, and yellow urine. The core pathogenesis is accumulation of Damp-Heat in the intestines, causing gut dysbiosis, increased gas production, and intestinal inflammation.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bloating/Abdominal Distension · Food Stagnation Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Abdomen

Pattern Overview

Food Stagnation is a common pattern in bloating/abdominal distension, characterized by delayed food digestion, abdominal distension, sour belching, poor appetite, and nausea. The core pathogenesis is excessive or improper food intake causing stagnation in the Stomach and Intestines, leading to impaired digestion, gas production, and bloating.

Bloating/Abdominal Distension · Liver-Qi Stagnation Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Abdomen

Pattern Overview

Liver-Qi Stagnation is a common pattern in bloating/abdominal distension, characterized by autonomic dysfunction, abdominal distension, belching, sighing, and aggravation with stress. The core pathogenesis is emotional stress causing Liver Qi stagnation, which impairs gastrointestinal motility and causes uneven gas distribution.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bloating/Abdominal Distension · Spleen-Stomach Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Abdomen

Pattern Overview

Spleen-Stomach Deficiency is a common pattern in bloating/abdominal distension, characterized by digestive enzyme insufficiency, abdominal distension, poor appetite, fatigue, and loose stools. The core pathogenesis is Spleen Qi deficiency failing to transform and transport, leading to incomplete digestion, gas accumulation, and bloating.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Breast Hyperplasia · Chong-Ren Disharmony Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Chest

Pattern Overview

Chong-Ren Disharmony is a common pattern in breast hyperplasia, characterized by HPO axis dysfunction, cyclic breast hyperplasia and regression disorder, and sex hormone rhythm disturbance. The core pathogenesis is Chong-Ren meridian dysfunction causing hormonal rhythm disturbance, leading to cyclic breast hyperplasia and regression disorder.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Breast Hyperplasia · Liver-Qi Stagnation Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Chest

Pattern Overview

Liver-Qi Stagnation is the most common pattern in breast hyperplasia, characterized by estrogen-progesterone imbalance, breast pain and distension related to stress, palpable nodules, and premenstrual aggravation. The core pathogenesis is emotional stress causing Liver-Qi stagnation, leading to breast ductal and stromal hyperplasia, elevated estrogen, and elevated prolactin.

Breast Hyperplasia · Phlegm-Blood Stasis Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Chest

Pattern Overview

Phlegm-Blood Stasis is a common pattern in breast hyperplasia, characterized by breast tissue fibrosis and cyst formation, firm nodules, pain, and local microcirculatory disturbance. The core pathogenesis is Phlegm-Dampness and Blood Stasis intermingling in the breast, leading to collagen fiber hyperplasia, fibrosis, and cyst formation.

Breast Hyperplasia · Qi-Blood Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 7 min

Body Area: Chest

Pattern Overview

Qi-Blood Deficiency is a chronic pattern in breast hyperplasia, characterized by reduced breast tissue repair capacity, fatigue, pale complexion, poor appetite, and weakness. The core pathogenesis is insufficient Qi and Blood failing to nourish the breast tissue, leading to reduced tissue repair capacity and impaired endocrine regulation.

Bunion Pain · Blood Stasis Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Foot

Pattern Overview

Blood Stasis is a chronic pattern in bunion pain, characterized by chronic bursitis with fibrosis, sharp fixed pain, and aggravation at night. The core pathogenesis is prolonged stasis of blood in the bunion area, leading to tissue fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and persistent pain.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bunion Pain · Damp-Heat Bi Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Foot

Pattern Overview

Damp-Heat Bi is an acute inflammatory pattern in bunion pain, characterized by acute bursitis with erythema, swelling, redness, and burning pain. The core pathogenesis is accumulation of Damp-Heat in the bunion joint, causing intense local inflammation and fluid exudation.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bunion Pain · Liver-Kidney Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Foot

Pattern Overview

Liver-Kidney Deficiency is a chronic degenerative pattern in bunion pain, characterized by bone degeneration, chronic pain, and aggravation with overwork. The core pathogenesis is insufficient nourishment of the bones and tendons by Liver Blood and Kidney Essence, leading to progressive joint deformity and pain.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Bunion Pain · Wind-Cold-Damp Bi Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Foot

Pattern Overview

Wind-Cold-Damp Bi is a common pattern in bunion pain, characterized by joint capsule inflammation with cold pain, stiffness, and aggravation in cold weather. The core pathogenesis is invasion of Wind-Cold-Damp pathogens into the first metatarsophalangeal joint, causing obstruction of Qi and Blood flow and joint dysfunction.

Calf Pain · Blood Stasis Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Leg

Pattern Overview

Blood Stasis is a common pattern in calf pain, characterized by sharp pain, deep vein issues or muscle strain, and aggravation at night. The core pathogenesis is stagnation of blood in the calf collaterals following injury or venous insufficiency, leading to pain and impaired circulation.

Calf Pain · Damp-Heat Bi Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Leg

Pattern Overview

Damp-Heat Bi is an acute inflammatory pattern in calf pain, characterized by inflammatory myopathy, swelling, redness, and burning pain. The core pathogenesis is accumulation of Damp-Heat in the calf muscles, causing local inflammation, edema, and impaired muscle function.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Calf Pain · Qi-Blood Deficiency Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Leg

Pattern Overview

Qi-Blood Deficiency is a chronic pattern in calf pain, characterized by muscle fatigue, cramping, chronic weakness, and poor recovery after exercise. The core pathogenesis is insufficient Qi and Blood to nourish the calf muscles, leading to muscle fatigue, cramping, and delayed recovery.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |

Calf Pain · Wind-Cold-Damp Bi Pattern

Updated: June 23, 2026

Reviewed by: Dr. Li Wei, DACM

Reading Time: 6 min

Body Area: Leg

Pattern Overview

Wind-Cold-Damp Bi is a common pattern in calf pain, characterized by muscle cramping, cold sensitivity, heavy sensation, and aggravation in cold weather. The core pathogenesis is invasion of Wind-Cold-Damp pathogens into the calf meridians, causing obstruction of Qi and Blood flow and muscle spasm.

Key Symptoms and Differentiation Points

| Differentiation Dimension | Manifestations |